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- Overview
-
- The Yale Bright Star Catalog is an electronic catalog providing extensive
- stellar information for the brightest stars. It is large (megabytes), and
- includes extensive detail for each star (e.g. B-V color temperature, proper
- motion, catalogue names), much of which is not needed by charting software.
- It is normally distributed on magnetic tape, and has not (to my knowledge)
- been posted to the net.
-
- The highly reduced and hand-revised versions included with the "starchart"
- software family have appeared in two forms. The first (~160K, posted February,
- 1987) included merely location, magnitude and familiar names for a small number
- of stars. This recent reduction (~190K, posted October (?), 1987) adds spectral
- designation for potential color applications, double and variable star
- flags, Bayer and Flamsteed indices and increases the number of named stars.
-
- The current dataset was reduced directly from the original Yale data by
- Robert Tidd, using custom software. His file format is given below [1]. The
- raw output was hand-edited by Alan Paeth to remove a number of anomolies [2].
- Users wishing to update or extend yale.star should look in part [3].
-
- Disclaimer
-
- The original Yale Bright Star Catalog may not be used for commercial purposes
- without express previous written consent from the Department of Astronomy,
- Yale University.
-
- --
- Part [1]
-
- File format for yale.star (reduced Yale star catalog, version 2)
-
- Name Col Len Type Desc
- -------------------------------------------------
- ra 1 6 i6 ra 2000 hhmmss
- dec 7 5 +-i4 dec 2000 -mmss
- mag 12 3 {-}i magnitude*100 (ddd) or -magnitude*10 (-dd)
- type 15 2 c2 object type
- type1 15 1 c1 object type 1 / star,ga,cl,neb,etc
- type2 16 1 c1 object type 2 / dbl,open,cl,etc
- spec2 17 2 c1d1 spectral 2 'G2'
- letter 19 2 c2 greek Bayer letter(s), or Flamsteed number
- const 21 3 c3 constellation (I.A.U. designation)
- name 24 30 c* name,descrip.
- newline 54 1 c1 newline (max final loc)
- $
- --------
- 'type1'/'type' 2 coding table
- CG-Glob.Cluster CO-Open Cluster GC-Galac.Cluster
- GP-Sphere Galaxy GS-Spiral Galaxy
- ND-Difuse Nebula NP-Planetary Nebula
- P*-Planet
- SS-star SB-Binary Star SD-Double Star
- SV-Variable Star
- VM-vector move VS-vector draw (solid) VD-vector draw (dotted)
- VH-vector draw (hyphens = dashed)
- I*-Invisible (for annotation)
- --------
- 'letter' coding table
-
- # Flamsteed
- a-alpha b-beta g-gamma d-delta e-epsilon z-zeta h-eta @-theta i-iota k-kappa
- l-lambda m-mu n-nu E-xi o-omicron p-pi r-rho s-sigma t-tau u-upsilon 0-phi
- x-chi %-psi w-omega $-????
- --------
-
- Example:
-
- ---yale.star---
- 141540+1911-11SSK2a BOOArcturus
- 062357-5241-72SSF0a CAR
- 051641+4600006SDG8a AURCapella
- .
- .
- .
- ---messier.star---
- 053430+2202840ND TAUm1 Crab Nebula
- 175629-1901600CO SGRm23
- 202355+3832710CO CYGm29 ,good at low pwr
- 084026+1959370CO CNCm44 Praesepe, Beehive Cl
- .
- .
- .
-
- [2] Hand edits done on "raw" reduced yale.star
-
- [a] Proper names added:
-
- 062357-5241-72SSF0a CARCanopus
- 050229+4105000SSK5z AURCapella
- 195047+0852075SDA7a AQLAltair
- 173336-3706162SSB1l SCOShaula
- 125602+3819288SDB9a2CVNCor Caroli
-
- [b] Magnitude and Spectral data changes (based on "Norton"):
-
- 122636-6306158SDB1a1CRU
- 122636-6306080SDB2a1CRUAcrux
-
- [c] Deleted (0.00 magnitude - obviously wrong. The position is in the extreme
- S.W. of Vela, near non-descript NGC 2547)
-
- 081334-5012000SSK6
-
- [d] Name Changed
-
- 052617+2836165SSB7b TAUHath (old)
- 052617+2836165SSB7b TAUAlnath (new)
-
- Note: beta Taurii == lambda Aurigae (above)
-
- [e] Mag limit:
- _
- 064509-1643146SDA1a CMASirius (-1.46 not representable)
- 064509-1643-99SDA1a CMASirius
-
- Sirus has been reduced from mag -1.46 to -.99, owing to limitations in
- the three character positions used to give magnitude. This may be rectified
- by using the old style format (style is checked on a line and not a file basis),
- but this would remove spectral information and identification.
-
- ! Notes on Magnitude
- !
- ! Magnitudes on the range -9.9 through 9.99 are represented in the following
- ! format: "-99" though "999". Thus, the three position magnitude field is
- ! normally taken as mag*100, unless object is of negative magnitude, in which
- ! case it represents a value mag*10. This costs us the "hundredths" position
- ! for objects of negative magnitude, but this is not objectionable. For very
- ! dim objects, 9.99 represents the current limiting magnitude. As there are
- ! on the order of 1e6 stars to this brightness, the format provides adequate
- ! representation. When used to chart small asteroids or very dim non-stellar
- ! objects, magnitudes below +9.99 will occasionally be encountered; we suggest
- ! coding such entries as "999", with this value then taken to mean >=9.99.
- !
- ! The old yale format which is supported for back compatability allows for
- ! a larger four digit field, but its use is not advocated, as code operation
- ! is not defined in presense of non-digits (such as leading blanks).
-
- [f] Known Problems and "Features"
-
- For certain double stars (when the companion is rather bright), duplicate
- entries exist in the dataset, Ra and Dec values matching exactly. The
- plotting of the second visible double star in an exact overstrike position
- can cause problems, particularly with PostScript, which will inadvertently
- form an annulus symbols which resembles the variable star indicator.
-
- The fix is to remove all duplicate entries from yale.star which are exact
- matches in RA and DECL, omitting those stars of lower value, while insuring
- that the parent star has a "SD" (star double) indicator.
-
- This has been done to roughly seventy stars in the database, notibly to
- Orion's belt and his Trapezium, and to Alpha Centaurii. The omitted entries
- are included in "yale.omit". These remain useful for checking the combined
- magnitudes of bright double stars, or in searching for pairs with striking
- difference in star spectral class. The best known example of the latter in the
- Northern Hemisphere is beta Cygnii [Alberio], but as the locations of both
- companions differ by 2" in RA, the parent star of spectral class K5 is
- represented, together with its B8 compainion.
-
- [g] Bayer and Flamsteed numbers
-
- A two character field represents Bayer letters, which by convention are
- assigned as Greek lower case letters from alpha to omega, followed by
- assignments in single and double digit Roman type. The database contains
- entries such as " A" and "A " and "a ", and it is not always clear that the
- lower case letter in the first column is an exact "trigger" for Greek fonts.
- (Because entries such as "@" indicate a theta, and "E" also occurs).
- In practice, this is not a problem unless one desires an authoratative code
- for a quite dim star (ie, beyond the 24th Bayer assignment). For virtally all
- stars given labels in standard Atlases, the StarChart output provides an exact
- match.
-
-
- [3] User Extentions to yale.star
-
- Barring the correction of obvious errors in yale.star, users may wish to
- add additional stars or ephemeride data in .star format. In any case, data
- should be for the epoch E2000.0. The program "epoch" may be used if this is
- not the case. The data records may be in either the new or old reduced
- file format convention (planet.star still produces data in the old format).
- The old format omits provision for spectral class or secondary label
- information, but allow stars of magnitude at or below 10.0, as four (and not
- three) characters are allocated to magnitude. Because testing of format is
- done on a line-by-line basis, entries may be mixed and matched. Thus, the
- present yale.star could be extended with data for dim, nameless stars below
- magnitude 10. Note that yale.star must be sorted in order of decreasing
- magnitude. This is only important for stellar data records.
-
- For other cases, data produced in .star format may be included for printing
- under the "-f file.star" option in the starcharting software. The important
- fields are for Ra, Decl, Magnitude, Type (code and subcode) and name, as each
- directly controls the location and appearence of the output. Two addition
- record types have been added to facilitate general plotting (such as lunar
- limb profiles or the ecliptic). The "I" type is an invisible object of some
- specified magnitude and location which serves as a means to annotate output.
- The "V" type is a vector object with subcodes "M", "S", "D", and "H" for move,
- solid-draw, dot-draw and hyphen(dash)-draw. Annotations are ignored for vector
- records, because the task of disentangling the intermingling of text and vector
- commands to a large class of output devices is formidable. Again, magnitude
- comes into play in performing clipping of objects too dim for display. A sample
- file of these record types appears in "ephem.star"
-